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Engineering Formula Library

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Power System Utilization
Levelized Cost per Unit Generated
Cost_{kWh} = Total\ Annual\ Cost / Annual\ Energy\ Generated
Power System Utilization
Load Factor
LF\% = (Average\ Load / Peak\ Load) \times 100
Power System Utilization
Loss Load Factor
LLF = 0.3 \times LF + 0.7 \times LF^2
Power System Utilization
Per-Unit (p.u.) System Value
Value_{pu} = Actual\ Value / Base\ Value
Power System Utilization
Plant Capacity Factor
CF\% = (Actual\ Energy / (Rated\ Capacity \times Hours)) \times 100
Power System Utilization
Plant Use Factor
UF\% = (Actual\ Energy / (Rated\ Capacity \times Hours\ Operated)) \times 100
Power System Utilization
Reserve Margin
RM\% = ((Available\ Capacity - Peak\ Demand) / Peak\ Demand) \times 100
Power System Utilization
Transmission & Distribution System Loss
Loss\% = ((Generation - Delivered) / Generation) \times 100
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