Power System Utilization
Per-Unit (p.u.) System Value
Value_{pu} = Actual\ Value / Base\ Value
Variables
| pu | Per-unit value | - |
| Actual | Actual quantity (V, I, Z, etc.) | varies |
| Base | Chosen base quantity | varies |
Engineering Example
A 220 kV line section on an 11 kV base: pu = 220/11 = 20 p.u.
Practical Site Example
The foundation of per-unit system analysis used throughout fault studies and protection coordination.